Building energy system of carbon neutrality cities（4）: Energy storage

This article is the fourth in a series of articles on the building energy system of carbon neutrality cities. In the context of carbon neutrality, the energy storage technology is indispensable for increasing the penetration of renewable energy applications, leveling loads and improving the flexibility of the grid. This article introduces the main types of energy storage technology today, namely electricity, electrochemical, mechanical, chemical and thermal energy storage. The emphasis on energy storage technology related to buildings and district energy systems is introduced. A conceptual scheme of seasonal thermal energy storage for the 5th generation district heating and cooling system (energy bus system, Ebus) is presented. Suggestions are made on how to consider energy storage applications in the Ebus planning. It is pointed out that in the context of global climate change, combined with the application of heat pumps, seasonal thermal energy storage technology should be the focus of attention in the future.